In the previous post we saw about predicate logic and its formal language. Now we will talk about quantifiers. UNIVERSAL QUANTIFICATION Universally quantified propositions are those that speak of a group or set of all or none: Universal affirmative : All humans are mortal. Universal negative : No human is mortal . These propositions have […]
Veamos el siguiente silogismo: Todos los hombres son mortales. Sócrates es un hombre. Sócrates es mortal. Por lógica de predicados de primer orden nos referimos a las oraciones que predican alguna propiedad de un sujeto. Cabe destacar que la formalización en la lógica de predicado es diferente de proposicional, porque si quisiéramos usar la lógica […]
En este apartado quisiera hablar sobre tres tipos de pruebas para demostrar la validez de un argumento. PRUEBA CONDICIONAL La prueba condicional (CP) sirve para demostrar que, si damos por cierto algo, entonces ciertas conclusiones se siguen. CP solo puede ser utilizada en argumentos cuyas conclusiones sean proposiciones condicionales. Veamos el siguiente argumento: (P v […]
PRELIMINARY REMARKS Writing an article on the fine-tuning of the universe that is too short and simple runs the risk of being the target of doubts and objections, and a lengthy and technical exposition runs the risk of being difficult for the reader to understand or even boring due to the complexity of the content. […]
Para esta publicación, pondremos en práctica lo que hemos visto sobre argumentación y lógica proposicional. Veamos un ejemplo sobre argumentación: Si Dios no preconoce el futuro, o lo determina todo o juega al azar. Si Dios determina todo, entonces él es el autor del pecado. Si Dios juega al azar, entonces él no es soberano. […]
Some time ago Tim Stratton wrote a blog that dealt with the Omnibenevolence of God . Tim said regarding Allah, that He is not an all-loving God, “and whatever Allah does is simply called ‘good’ even if it is abhorrent.” Of course, the reactions from the atheist camp were not long in coming and in […]
One of the objections to the existence of God is to try to prove that his concept is incoherent, and one way to do this is through the paradoxes of his attributes. In this blog we are going to discuss the paradoxes about Omnipresence. There are many ways to pose this paradox, but I will […]
In the recent debate between Frank Turek and Michael Shermer, the latter tried to invalidate Frank’s God hypothesis as an explanation for some facts about reality by using the famous “dragon in the garage” analogy, first used by Carl Sagan in his book The Demon-Haunted World . This is the original analogy: “There is a […]
En la publicación anterior vimos acerca de las diez reglas de inferencia lógica para la construcción de un argumento válido. Ahora veremos 10 reglas de reemplazo que son útiles a la hora de demostrar la validez de un argumento cuando utilizamos el lenguaje formal. El conector ↔ en este contexto se traduce por “es lógicamente […]
RULES OF INFERENCE Having seen the main points of argumentation and propositional logic , it is now time to see what gives formal validity to a good argument: the rules of inference. 1. Modus Ponens (MP) If P implies Q, and P is true, then Q is true. Logical form: P → Q P Q […]