La filosofía es para todos

By Colin Burgess

Aristotle opened his philosophical work, the Metaphysics, with the following sentence: “All men by nature desire to know.” Nothing could be truer; it is when one begins to ask the “why” questions that one is taking on the intellectual responsibility of constructing one’s weltanschauung, or worldview. One does not take one’s thoughts or beliefs for granted, but rebels against one’s upbringing and no longer embraces them through dogma, adopted as a child, through education and indoctrination, but makes these beliefs one’s own by examining them categorically. This is not to say that the beliefs passed on to us from early childhood are wrong, but those who examine them closely try to give them some kind of justification. Thanks to philosophy we can have a discussion with long-dead thinkers such as Plato, Marx, and the apostle Paul, and by interpreting their views, as accurately as possible, we can see what they were saying as if they were sitting in front of us. By doing this carefully we can abandon the politics and religion of our parents, or examine them more deeply and make them truly our own.

It is often said that children make the best philosophers. Perhaps it is because they ask questions honestly and without censorship. As we grow up, our thoughts tend to reach a state of entropy, and we no longer seek justification for beliefs, but are content to think only as much as is necessary to get through our daily routine, so our minds begin to atrophy. Too often we let celebrities, politicians, clerics and newscasters tell us what to think, rather than learning, for ourselves, how to think, while eating dinner in front of the television. Is this what Socrates meant when he said, “The unexamined life is not worth living”? He did not mean that those who do not examine their thoughts should commit suicide, but that those who do not live an examined life are living without purpose, and are basically marking time, waiting for death.

We may wake up from our intellectual slumber long enough to seek a justification for defending certain social opinions we hold, or at election time when we defend our voting decisions to ourselves, our family and our friends, but then once the dust has settled many of us are too busy or content to sit back and go about our business as normal. Surely it is not due to stupidity, many of these people are our doctors and lawyers, or people highly skilled in their trades. Maybe it is because we do not live in a “food for thought” economy, that no one gives us a cent for our thoughts, so we do not engage in the art of sorting them out simply because there are bills to pay and our children are hungry, and short of a philosophy factory being built there is little chance that many of us, except the select few, will rise to the heights of academia where we will pay them a penny for their thoughts. Some consider themselves philosophers or have taken a module or two in philosophy as part of an academic requirement, but many find philosophy difficult, or even boring.

Many have a misconception of what philosophy is, not realizing that we are all philosophers even if we are not familiar with the terminology; many think that philosophy is about scratching one’s flea-ridden beard, sitting down to ponder obtuse questions that have no definitive answer. While this has been the case in the history of philosophy, it is certainly not normative. While in the discipline of philosophy there is no consensus on many issues, philosophers do try to address very real issues that affect our society today, such as in the fields of ethics and medical research, where there are political philosophers who examine political ideas and their effects on society. Law school is grounded in philosophy, and many lawyers are required to study it in order to reason through a set of premises and formulate well-reasoned arguments. In the sciences, philosophy functions as a tool to define what science is and how we should think about the world being studied.

There is no need to make philosophy out of nothing, many philosophers today stand on the shoulders of giants, and we can see how thinkers of the past dealt with problems similar to those we face today, which saves us the effort of reinventing the wheel, and allows us to continue where they left off.

In a nutshell, philosophy can be summed up into four broad periods: the ancient philosophers, the pre-Socratics, the Socratics, and the medieval philosophers. All of these philosophers dealt with their own experience of the world, and if one reads a tome on the history of Western philosophy, one can get a comprehensive idea, after the fact, of how they tried to deal with the issues of their time. These philosophers, ranging from Aristotle to Nietzsche, grappled with questions related to metaphysics (what is real), epistemology (theory of knowledge), ethics (how we should behave), existentialism (who we are), and logic (how we should think). How one answers these questions will determine one’s views on God, politics, and many other aspects of life, and if one opens an introductory philosophy text, one will eventually see similarities in their views or thoughts to the way the ancients thought, to some extent.

This is not about defending any particular view of ethics, metaphysics, or religion, but about defending and encouraging the art of thinking carefully and ordering our thoughts and being more aware of our beliefs, so that they can be held with a greater degree of intentionality and justification and not taken for granted.

For those who want to briefly examine philosophy without committing to an expensive book on the subject, Douglas Groothuis has written an excellent, concise book summarizing the most famous philosophers and their famous sayings, in Philosophy in Seven Sentences. And for those who wish to explore further, I found Philosophy for Beginners very informative and accessible. While Bertrand Russell has written an excellent history of Western philosophy, Anthony Kenny has written a New History of Western Philosophy, covering both more contemporary and older philosophers.

Recommended resources in Spanish:

Stealing from God ( Paperback ), ( Teacher Study Guide ), and ( Student Study Guide ) by Dr. Frank Turek

Why I Don’t Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist ( Complete DVD Series ), ( Teacher’s Workbook ), and ( Student’s Handbook ) by Dr. Frank Turek

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Original source of the Blog: https://bit.ly/3gm5JkR

Translated by Monica Pirateque

Edited by Elenita Romero